Sun, Soil, and Space: How to Select the Ideal Location for Your Vegetable Garden

One of the most common mistakes that new gardeners make when selecting a gardening spot is not considering the specific conditions their plants will need. Here are some important factors to keep in mind as you decide where to establish your new garden.

How much sun does the area get?

Vegetable gardens need at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight a day. This means the sun must shine directly on the garden plot for a total of six or more hours everyday. Some shade is okay, as long as the number of hours of direct sunlight adds up to at least six hours. Observe the area for a day or two, and jot down times when it is in direct sun before choosing a garden spot.

How well does the soil drain?

Well-drained soil is essential to healthy plant growth. Soil that drains too quickly will leave your plants struggling for water. Soil that drains poorly will remain water-logged and choke out oxygen to the roots of your plants. Generally areas that remain wet well into spring drain poorly and should be avoided. To find out how well your soil drains check out the article How to Test the Drainage of Your Soil.

USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map

What kind of soil does the area have?

Soil for gardens should be rich and dark and teeming with life - yes those wiggly earthworms really are your friend. If your soil is sandy or rocky - or heaven forbid, solid clay - you have a lot of work to do to get it ready for planting. You can check your soil to determine its basic composition with a Mason jar and water. For directions see What Type of Soil Do You Have ? Depending on the results, you may need to add soil amendments to improve the soil. You can find information about amending soil on my Soil page.

Is the garden plot elevated above the surrounding area?

Ideally a garden is slightly raised in the center to allow water to run off freely without pooling in the garden. Areas that are sunken - or swaled - can become a nightmare in wet weather. If your desired area is lower than the surrounding area, you will need to build it up before planting.

Is your garden near the house?

Running to the garden to pick those fresh beans for dinner is much easier if the garden in located near the back door, but it's not just harvesting the fresh veggies that should be your concern. Locating a garden near your home increases the chances that you will check it often and makes watering easier.